Author Archives: P&L Law

About P&L Law

Pamaos & Labao Law Firm (P&L Law) is a full-service professional legal firm, located in Metro Manila, Philippines | Telephone: (+632) 7799-0589 | Email: info@pnl-law.com | Website: http://pnl-law.com

Guidelines and Procedure for the Revival of Expired Corporations

The Revised Corporation Code (Republic Act No. 11232) provides for the perpetual existence of a corporation, unless its articles of incorporation provide otherwise. The Revised Corporation Code also provides that a corporation whose term has expired (“Expired Corporation”) may apply for revival of its corporate existence. To provide the guidelines for the revival of Expired Corporations, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued SEC Memorandum Circular No. 23, series of 2019.

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Re-Registration of Name of Expired Corporations

When a corporation or partnership has been dissolved or whose registration has been revoked (“Expired Corporation”), the name of such Expired Corporation may no longer be used by any other entity. As an exception, however, another corporation may use such name if allowed at the time of the dissolution or revocation by the stockholders, members or partners who represent a majority of the outstanding capital stock or membership of of the Expired Corporation. 

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Prudential Requirements for Crowdfunding (CF) Intermediaries

A crowdfunding intermediary shall, at all times, maintain a capital amount which exceeds its annual operational expenditure which constitutes all expenses and losses that arise in the crowdfunding intermediary’s normal course of business in a 12-month accounting period. This expenditure- and risk- based minimum capital requirement is provided under the Rules and Regulations Governing Crowdfunding (CF).

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Automatic Suspension of Sentence and Disposition Orders upon Conviction of Children in Conflict with the Law

If the child is found guilty after trial of the offense charged, the court, instead of executing the judgment of conviction, shall place the child in conflict with the law under suspended sentence, without need of application. Suspension of sentence can be availed of even if the child is already 18 years of age or more but not above 21 years old, at the time of the pronouncement of guilt, without prejudice to the child’s availing of other benefits such as probation, if qualified, or adjustment of penalty, in the interest of justice. 

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Responsibilities of the Court concerning Children in Conflict with the Law

All officers handling the child in conflict with the law, including law enforcement officers and social workers, have specific duties and responsibilities (see also Primer on the 2019 Supreme Court Revised Rule on Children in Conflict with the Law). The court handling the case also has responsibilities. For the protection of the rights of the child in the conflict with the law, the court shall have the following responsibilities: 

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Conduct of Trial for Children in Conflict with the Law in the Philippines

There are multiple steps, including diversion proceedings, before a case reaches the court for trial proper. Not all Information may be filed after the conduct of preliminary investigation before the investigating prosecutor. Upon the filing of a criminal Information in court, the proper diversion proceedings shall be conducted by the Diversion Committee. Trial commences upon the recommendation by the Diversion Committee, and approval by the court after hearing, that further court proceedings shall proceed.

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Procedure for Handling Children Exempted from Criminal Liability

Initial contact refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of a child in conflict with the law by law enforcement officers or private citizens. It includes the time the child receives a subpoena in a preliminary investigation, or summons in cases that do not require preliminary investigation, or where there is no necessity to place the child alleged to be in conflict with the law under immediate custody. 

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