Serious crime refers to: (1) parricide; (2) murder; (3) infanticide; (4) kidnapping and serious illegal detention where the victim is killed or raped; (5) robbery with homicide or rape; (6) destructive arson; (7) rape; (8) carnapping where the driver or occupant is killed or raped; and (9) offenses under Republic Act No. 9165, also known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, punishable by more than 12 years of imprisonment.

A child in conflict with the law is one who is below 18 years old and alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as having committed an offense under Philippine Laws (see also Primer on the 2019 Supreme Court Revised Rule on Children in Conflict with the Law). From the moment a child is taken into custody, the law enforcement officer shall: 

At the custodial investigation, a child who has been taken into custody shall have the following rights: