Category Archives: Elections & Constitutional Law

The Writ of Habeas Corpus in the Philippines

The Presidential Commission on Good Goverment (PCGG) yesterday filed a petition for habeas corpus to compel the Senate to present Camilo Sabio, PCGG Chairman, before the Supreme Court and to justify his arrest and detention that was ordered by the Senate in connection with its on-going inquiry in aid of legislation. You probably read about the petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed by Jocelyn “Joc-joc” Bolante against U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and other ranking US government officials in order to gain freedom in the United States.The term “writ of habeas corpus” had surfaced many times before. Let’s discuss this subject matter.

What is a writ of habeas corpus?

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Dual Citizens may Vote sans One-Year Residency in the Philippines

As previously discussed, Filipinos who lost their citizenship through naturalization in a foreign country may now re-acquire their Philippine citizenship, and thereafter exercise civil and political rights, including the right to vote. This is provided in Republic Act No. 9225 (the Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003). On the other hand, with respect to the right of suffrage or to vote, the Constitution provides that it may only be exercised by Filipino citizens who, among others, shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year.

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Special Court could Oversee Anti-Terror Law

(This is written by Dean Jorge Bocobo at Philippine Commentary, reposted here with his permission. Also known as “Rizalist”, DJB is one of the respected writers around).

Anti-terrorism laws unavoidably entail some curtailment of the general public’s freedoms. But hardly anyone objects very strenuously even to draconian countermeasures when a credible threat is demonstrated, as in the case of a ban on carrying on-board commercial aircraft, components of liquid improvised explosives in the foiled London airliner bombing conspiracy. But last week, Senate Minority Leader Aquilino Pimentel and Rep. Nereus Acosta, vice chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee declared their intention to hold up, once more, the passage into Law of the long-debated Anti-Terrorism Bill because they say the authorities may use it against legitimate political and opposition leaders. On ABSCBN/ANC last night, Twink Macaraeg’s televised one-on-one debate between National Security Undersecretary Ricardo Blancaflor and the Secretary General of Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan) Renato Reyes, also revolved around the issue of how the defense of human and civil rights ought to be conducted while the international community fights a war on international terrorism. Although Neric Acosta seems comfortable endlessly debating “the definition of terrorism” as an irresolvable or inescapable rut, his, is really a cop-out position. Nene Pimentel touches on more substantive civil libertarian issues by invoking the ghost of martial laws past and the Marcosian legacy of officially denied salvagings, unexplained desaparecidos … and other human rights atrocities of the recent past. The concerns of both legislators are serious, but can, and have already been amply addressed during the debates over the anti-terror bill. I might only add the following thoughts:

(1) The concern for human and civil rights during the implementation of a new anti-terror law can be addressed in the same way that Sen. Lorenzo M. Tanada, in crafting the 1965 Anti-Wiretapping Law allowed for the legitimate use of electronic eavesdropping on citizens for intelligence and national security purposes, by placing such special operations under the supervision and jurisdiction of the Courts.

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In Memory of the Death Penalty in the Philippines

As reported in BBC News, the United States Supreme Court stopped the execution of a death convict, pending a determination if the chemicals to be used in the execution would cause pain (based on the constitutional prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment). The challenge, however, is not based on the argument that the death penalty per se is unconstitutional.

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Senate of the Philippines vs. Ermita (The Case of Executive Order No. 464)

The non-appearance of executive officials in the recent Senate inquiry resurrected the controversy surrounding Executive Order No. 464. With this, let’s revisit the ruling in Senate of the Philippines vs. Eduardo R. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, wherein a unanimous Supreme Court (en banc) struck down Sections 2 (b) and 3 of E.O. 464 as unconstitutional, but upheld the validity of Sections 1 and 2(a).

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People’s Initiative: No Sufficient Enabling Law to Amend the Constitution

The recent effort to amend the Constitution through people’s initiative met the same fate as the previous ones. As early as 1997, in the case of Defensor-Santiago vs. COMELEC (G.R. No. 127325, 19 March 1997), the Supreme Court already decided, although with vigorous dissenting opinions, that the law intended to provide the mechanism for people’s initiative is not sufficient. Let’s take a look at that case.

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Retention and Re-Acquisition of Philippine Citizenship

Former natural-born Filipinos who retain or re-acquire Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225 (“Citizen Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003“) shall enjoy full rights enjoyed by any Filipino, subject to certain conditions enumerated below. Please note that the law covers only “natural-born” Filipinos (born of one or both parents who are Filipino citizens at the time of birth) who acquired foreign citizenship through naturalization.

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