Insolvent debtors, both individual and juridical, are covered by Republic Act No. 10142 (“Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act (FRIA) of 2010“). Individual debtor refers to a natural person who is a resident and citizen of the Philippines that has become insolvent, while juridical debtor refers to:
Continue readingThe Rehabilitation Receiver in Court-Supervised Financial Rehabilitation in the Philippines
Rehabilitation receiver refers to the person or persons, natural or juridical, appointed as such by the court pursuant to Republic Act No. 10142 (“Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act (FRIA) of 2010”) and which shall be entrusted with such powers, duties, and responsibilities provided under the Financial Rehabilitation Rules of Procedure (2013) or “FR Rules” (A.M. 12-12-11-SC). Where the rehabilitation receiver is a juridical entity, the term includes the juridical entity’s designated representative. The Rehabilitation Receiver is appointed in court-supervised rehabilitation proceedings.
Continue readingCram-Down Clause in Financial Rehabilitation
“Cram-down” is the power of the rehabilitation court to approve and implement a rehabilitation plan notwithstanding the objection of the majority of creditors. As noted in the case of Bank of the Philippine Islands vs. Sarabia Manor Hotel Corporation (G.R. No. 175844, 29 July 2013), the “cram-down” clause, which is currently incorporated in Section 64 of Republic Act No. 10142, also known as the Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act (FRIA) of 2010, “is necessary to curb the majority creditors’ natural tendency to dictate their own terms and conditions to the rehabilitation, absent due regard to the greater long-term benefit of all stakeholders. Otherwise stated, it forces the creditors to accept the terms and conditions of the rehabilitation plan, preferring long-term viability over immediate but incomplete recovery.” Section 64 reads:
Continue readingFunds for Rehabilitation of Government-Owned and -Controlled Corporations (Chapter IX) and Miscellaneous Provisions (X): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
[Republic Act No. 10142; Chapter I; Chapter II; Chapter III; Chapter IV; Chapter V; Chapter VI; Chapter VII; Chapter VIII; Chapter IX; Chapter X; See also Introduction to Insolvency in the Philippines]
Continue readingProceedings Ancillary to Other Insolvency or Rehabilitation Proceedings (Chapter VIII): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
[Republic Act No. 10142; Chapter I; Chapter II; Chapter III; Chapter IV; Chapter V; Chapter VI; Chapter VII; Chapter VIII; Chapter IX; Chapter X; See also Introduction to Insolvency in the Philippines]
Continue readingProvisions Common to Liquidation in Insolvency of Individual and Juridical Debtors (Chapter VII): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
[Republic Act No. 10142; Chapter I; Chapter II; Chapter III; Chapter IV; Chapter V; Chapter VI; Chapter VII; Chapter VIII; Chapter IX; Chapter X; See also Introduction to Insolvency in the Philippines]
Continue readingInsolvency of Individual Debtors (Chapter VI): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
[Republic Act No. 10142; Chapter I; Chapter II; Chapter III; Chapter IV; Chapter V; Chapter VI; Chapter VII; Chapter VIII; Chapter IX; Chapter X; See also Introduction to Insolvency in the Philippines]
Continue readingLiquidation of Insolvent Juridical Debtors (Chapter V): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
Out-of-Court or Informal Restructuring Agreements or Rehabilitation Plans (Chapter IV): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
[Full text below. See Republic Act No. 10142; Chapter I; Chapter II; Chapter III; Chapter IV; Chapter V; Chapter VI; Chapter VII; Chapter VIII; Chapter IX; Chapter X; See also Summary/Discussion on Out-of-Court or Informal Restructuring Agreements or Rehabilitation Plans (OCRA)]
Continue readingPre-Negotiated Rehabilitation (Chapter III): Republic Act No. 10142 (Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010)
[Republic Act No. 10142; Chapter I; Chapter II; Chapter III; Chapter IV; Chapter V; Chapter VI; Chapter VII; Chapter VIII; Chapter IX; Chapter X; See also Introduction to FRIA]
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